Evaluation of Virtual Reality Application in Construction Teaching: A Comparative Study of Undergraduates

Construction courses are characterized by a combination of theoretical and practical knowledge;however, the teaching of practical knowledge is often absent due to safety and cost considerations. VR can improve the teaching of practical knowledge by facilitating interactions between teachers and students through virtual means, regardless of location, which is a weakness of current lecture-based teaching, especially in the COVID-19 era. Therefore, this paper aims to evaluate the effect and discuss the prospect of VR in construction teaching, with a comparative study of 50 students who were evenly divided into two groups and taught using traditional teaching and VR teaching, respectively. This experiment shows that VR teaching improves the students' learning enthusiasm and satisfaction, especially in terms of practical knowledge. Additionally, students believe the combination of traditional and VR teachings can be more helpful in construction teaching. The findings of this research strengthened the advantages of VR in delivering practical knowledge in construction teaching.

Analysis of operations of breast surgery during the COVID-19 epidemic

Background and Aims: Despite that the epidemic of novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) has been under effective control in China, the number of cases outside our country is continuously growing. So, the prevention and control situation is still grim. This study, taking the Department of Breast Surgery in the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University as an example, was designed to analyze and summarize the operations of breast surgery in a comprehensive tertiary hospital during the epidemic, so as to provide effective reference and experiential practice for conducting safe and efficient breast surgery work during epidemic and post-epidemic periods. Methods: Thirty-seven patients with breast cancer admitted in the Department of Breast Thyroid Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University during the COVID-19 epidemic period of January 31, 2020 to February 20, 2020 were selected. The data of the patients including the clinical characteristics, protective measures and treatment effects were retrospectively analyzed. The main points of methods for patients' admission to hospital, preoperative preparation, intraoperative protection and postoperative recovery, as well as the self-protection and psychological counseling of the medical staff were summarized. The effects of specialized treatment and epidemic prevention and control were identified by follow up. The details for how to improve the cognition of potential risk for infectious diseases, and how to strengthen the prevention and control of epidemic disease and occupational protection during the post-epidemic period were analyzed from the aspects of surgical indications, aerosol management and clinic protection in combination with the diagnosis and treatment characteristics of breast surgery. Results: Thirty-seven patients received surgical treatment after the exclusion of the risk of COVID-19. The mean operative time was (152.23±46.19) min, the average intraoperative blood loss was (85.23±23.47) mL, and no intraoperative blood transfusion was required in any of the patients. Among the 37 breast cancer patients, 19 cases underwent 6 to 8 cycles of preoperative neoadjuvant therapy, of whom, complete pathological remission was obtained in 7 cases after surgery. Prolonged fever occurred in 2 patients after operation, which returned to normal after isolation, body temperature monitoring and symptomatic treatment, and COVID-19 was excluded by nucleic acid testing for SARS-CoV-2. After follow-up, no suspected COVID-19 symptoms such as fever, cough and fatigue were noted in any of the patients or their accompanying relatives, and also no suspected cases were observed among the relevant medical staff. Conclusion: During the epidemic period, on the premise of scientific prevention and control, and full avoidance of COVID-19 infection in both doctors and patients, aggressive treatment can be provided to breast cancer patients according to the local epidemic situation. The principles of "scientific decision-making, and humanistic service" should be continuously followed, and the various prevention and control guidelines and management norms issued by superiors should be strictly obeyed, and the necessary elements such as prehospital screening, preoperative preparation, intraoperative protection and postoperative recovery of the breast cancer patients should be completed according to the actual situation. Rigorous compliance with the protection measures against epidemic in all aspects of the pre-admission and perioperative period of the patients, and coordinated relations of the epidemic prevention and control with the specialized treatment, may maximally ensure the safe completion of breast surgery and protect the health of the patients and medical personnel. © 2020 by the Author(s).

Why Did China's Zero-COVID Policy Persist? Decision Urgency, Regime Type, and Political Opportunity Structures

Despite soaring social costs, opposed professional opinions, and divergent foreign experiences, China still persisted with its Zero-COVID policy. Preexisting theories of policy change are unable to explain the continuation of China's COVID policy. Corresponding to the three stages of policy making, implementation and adjustment, the authors propose a framework of three decision-making constraints: (1) decision urgency, (2) regime type, and (3) political opportunity structures, which are believed to jointly shape China's policy against Omicron and obstruct Chinese decision-makers from adjusting it. This intensive case study enriches understanding of China's COVID policy specifically and the policy process in China more generally. © 2023 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

Changes in the size of domestic tourists in mainland China under the impact of COVID-19

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to explore the changes of the scale of urban tourists in mainland China under the impact of COVID-19 and, specifically, the following questions: how did the scale of domestic tourists change nationwide and in the seven geographic regions? What are the differences in the changes among the seven geographic regions? What are the changes in the hot spot areas and spatial clustering of domestic tourists across the country? Design/methodology/approach: Using the data of domestic tourist arrivals in 337 cities in mainland China from 2018 to 2021, this research analyzes the absolute differences and relative differences in the scale of domestic tourists nationwide and in seven geographic divisions with the help of indicators such as range analysis, standard deviation, coefficient of variation and Herfindahl–Hirschman Index and explores the changes in the hot spot areas and spatial concentration degree of the spatial scale of domestic tourists nationwide under the influence of the epidemic using kernel density analysis and spatial auto-correlation analysis. Findings: The absolute differences in all seven geographical divisions continue to increase during 2018–2021. The domestic tourism in southwest China is extremely uneven. Absolute differences in the northwest and northeast regions are relatively small, and the development in attracting domestic tourists is more balanced. Relative differences in southwest China are comparatively large, with the trend of uneven development being obvious. The northeast, northwest and eastern regions of China are small, and the development is more balanced. The popularity of domestic tourism in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region, as well as the Yangtze River Delta region, continues to decline and then pick up in 2021. The inland southwest region became a new domestic tourism hot spot in 2021. The size of domestic tourists from 2018 to 2021 in mainland China cities shows a significant positive spatial correlation, and there is a spatial agglomeration phenomenon, but some regional agglomeration types change from 2018 to 2021. Research limitations/implications: The impact of the epidemic on the number and spatial scale of domestic tourism in China has been clarified, which makes up for the comparison of domestic tourism changes before and after the epidemic. A clear understanding of the changes in the number and spatial scale of domestic tourists in different regions after the epidemic is conducive to the development of domestic tourism revitalization strategies in accordance with the actual situation of each province and promotes the internal circulation of Chinese tourism. Practical implications: This paper tries to clarify the quantitative scale of domestic tourism in different regions after the epidemic, which is conducive to the development of domestic tourism revitalization strategies in cities in different regions according to regional characteristics and the actual situation of each province and to promote the healthy operation of the internal circulation of tourism in China. This paper also tries to show the changes of domestic tourism market hot spots, agglomeration conditions changes before and after the outbreak and the clarity of tourists' preference space changes. Originality/value: Scale of domestic tourists;Absolute difference;Relative difference;Spatial hot spot distribution;Spatial agglomeration change. © 2023, Emerald Publishing Limited.

Optimization of CNN for Diagnosis on Lung Disease by Lung Segmentation and Rib Suppression

The discrimination of lung diseases by chest X- ray images is a clinically important tool. How to use artificial intelligence to accurately and quickly help doctors to diagnose different lung diseases is very important in the context of the current COVID-19 global pandemic. In this paper, we propose a model structure, including two U-Net, which implement lung segmentation and rib suppression for chest X-ray images respectively, image enhancement techniques such as histogram equalization, which enhances images contrast, and a Xception- based CNN, which classifies the processed images finally. The model can effectively avoid the interference of regions outside the lung to CNN for feature recognition and the influence of environmental factors such as X-ray machines on the quality of X-ray images and thus on the classification. The experimental results show that the classification accuracy of the model is higher than that of the direct use of the Xception model for classification. © 2022 IEEE.

Acupuncture for olfactory dysfunction in infected COVID-19 patients: Study protocol for a randomized, sham-controlled clinical trial

Background: Olfactory dysfunction (OD) is a common symptom of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). It is defined as the reduced or distorted ability to smell during sniffing (orthonasal olfaction) and represents one of the early symptoms in the clinical course of COVID-19 infection. A large online questionnaire-based survey has shown that some post-COVID-19 patients had no improvement 1 month after discharge from the hospital. Objective: To explore the efficacy of acupuncture for OD in COVID-19 infected patients and to determine whether acupuncture could have benefits over sham acupuncture for OD in post-COVID-19 patients. Methods: This is a single-blind, randomized controlled, cross-over trial. We plan to recruit 40 post-COVID-19 patients with smell loss or smell distortions lasting for more than 1 month. Qualified patients will be randomly allocated to the intervention group (real acupuncture) or the control group (sham acupuncture) at a 1:1 ratio. Each patient will receive 8 sessions of treatment over 4 weeks (Cycle 1) and a 2-week follow-up. After the follow-up, the control group will be subjected to real acupuncture for another 4 weeks (Cycle 2), and the real acupuncture group will undergo the 4-week sham acupuncture. The primary outcomes will be the score changes on the questionnaire of olfactory functioning and olfaction-related quality of life at week 6, 8, 12, and 14 from the baseline. The secondary outcomes will be the changes in the olfactory test score at week 6 and 12 from the baseline measured by using the Traditional Chinese version of the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT-TC). Discussion: The results of this trial will help to determine the effectiveness of acupuncture for OD in post-COVID-19 patients. This may provide a new treatment option for patients.

Perceived differences in peer-to-peer accommodation before and after COVID-19: evidence from China

PurposeBased on text content analysis using big data, this study aims to explore differences in guest perceptions of peer-to-peer accommodations before and after COVID-19 to provide suggestions for the development of these properties in China postpandemic. Design/methodology/approachA guest perception dictionary was established by collecting Ctrip customer reviews of peer-to-peer accommodations. After data cleaning, thematic word analysis and semantic association network analysis were used to explore perceptions and thematic differences before and after COVID-19. FindingsThis research constructed a multidimensional framework of guest-perceived values for peer-to-peer accommodation in the context of COVID-19. The findings showed that the emphasis on functionality in peer-to-peer accommodation changed;perceived emotional values associated with peer-to-peer stays were more complex;perceived social values decreased, host-guest interactions were reduced and online communication became a stronger trend;tourist preferences for types of experiences changed, and people changed their destination selections;perceived conditional value was reflected in perceived risks, and the perceptions of environmental health, service and physical risks increased. Research limitations/implicationsThis research has constructed a multidimensional framework of tourist perceived value on the basis of peer-to-peer accommodation context and epidemic background and has thus shown the changes in tourist perceived value of peer-to-peer accommodation before and after COVID-19. Originality/valueTo the best of authors' knowledge, this research constitutes the first attempt to explore the perceptual differences for peer-to-peer accommodations before and after COVID-19 based on an extensive data set of online reviews from multiple provinces of China.

Technology acceptance before and after COVID-19: no-touch service from hotel robots

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the consumer acceptance of robots in hotels before and after COVID-19, with a specific emphasis on whether COVID-19 had a significant effect on the acceptance of robots by hotel guests and whether guests had higher levels of acceptance of hotel robots since the initial COVID-19 outbreak was brought under control in China. Design/methodology/approach: The sample for this research included Chinese hotel guests before and after COVID-19, with 247 responses obtained before its outbreak and a further 601 responses gathered after. Several hypotheses were developed and tested in a pseudo-experimental design. Findings: The results showed that COVID-19 increased hotel guest acceptance of robots. After COVID-19, the perceived importance of the usefulness, social influence, attitude and value of robots increased, while the perceived importance of the ease of use and anthropomorphism of robots decreased. As a contactless service, the usefulness of robots was more valued by customers. This led customers to lower their requirements for the ease of use of robots. In addition, people were more concerned about the social influences on robot use. Research limitations/implications: Hotel guest attitudes and behavioral intentions toward robots and the services they can provide are changing. However, whether this change is purely ephemeral and motivated by a pragmatic stance triggered by COVID-19 remains to be established. Practical implications: The hospitality industry is encouraged to create a new profile of guests in terms of their favorable or unfavorable disposition toward being served by robots. Hotels should consider the deployment of robots according to the demographic characteristics of customers (e.g. according to guest age levels). Originality/value: This research demonstrated that major crises affect customer attitudes and behaviors toward new technologies. COVID-19 resulted in guests paying more attention to the advantages of services offered by hotel robots as a means of reducing the probability of contagion. © 2022, Emerald Publishing Limited.

Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Post-Translational Modifications on SARS-CoV-2 Viral Proteins and Its Cellular Receptor ACE2

COVID-19 has caused a huge health crisis and incalculable damage worldwide. Emerging immune escaping mutants of the virus suggests that SARS-CoV-2 may be persistent in human society like the flu virus and become a long-lasting health threat. The control of SARS-CoV-2 transmission and the development of an effective treatment are imminent. Therefore, it is imperative to find appropriate biomarkers to indicate pathological and physiological. Proteins are performers of life functions and their abundance and modification status can directly reflect the immune status. Post-translational modifications such as glycosylation and phosphorylation have a great impact on the regulation of protein functions. In the studies of SARS, Zika, and H1N1, post-translational modified proteins have shown to be reliable biomarkers. In recent years, mass spectrometry-based proteomics has made great progress due to the development of mass spectrometry technology. A review of research strategies for mass spectrometry-based biomarkers, especially in the application of protein post-translational modifications, is important for the victory of human beings fighting the Covid-19 epidemic. This review summarized the current progress of mass spectrometry-based studies on the PTM status of SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins, particularly in glycosylation and phosphorylation aspect. The challenge and prospect of the application of mass spectrometry in this particular research area were outlined. © 2021, Editorial Board of Journal of Chinese Mass Spectrometry Society. All right reserved.

An investigation of international tourist flow modelling during the pandemic

Infectious disease normally largely affects international tourist flow. For example, the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak has greatly affected global tourism, and its effect is expected to extend further. As the first country in the world to detect the pandemic, how the international tourist flow to Mainland China (hereafter known as China) changes along with the COVID-19 outbreak is still underexplored. To bridge this research gap, this study identifies the changes in the international tourist flows to China by categorizing international tourists to seven regions of the world and examines the degree of sensitivity among five clustered groups through Python modelling. Findings show that the international tourist flows from Europe, Asia Pacific and North America to China were largely affected by the COVID-19 outbreak. In addition, different sensitivity levels of the five identified clusters among the 193 countries affected by infectious disease ranged from ‘least sensitive’ to ‘most sensitive’. Practical implications are further discussed. © 2021 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

Country distancing increase reveals the effectiveness of travel restrictions in stopping COVID-19 transmission

Despite a number of successful approaches in predicting the spatiotemporal patterns of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and quantifying the effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical interventions starting from data about the initial outbreak location, we lack an intrinsic understanding as outbreak locations shift and evolve. Here, we fill this gap by developing a country distance approach to capture the pandemic’s propagation backbone tree from a complex airline network with multiple and evolving outbreak locations. We apply this approach, which is analogous to the effective resistance in series and parallel circuits, to examine countries’ closeness regarding disease spreading and evaluate the effectiveness of travel restrictions on delaying infections. In particular, we find that 63.2% of travel restrictions implemented as of 1 June 2020 are ineffective. The remaining percentage postponed the disease arrival time by 18.56 days per geographical area and resulted in a total reduction of 13,186,045 infected cases. Our approach enables us to design optimized and coordinated travel restrictions to extend the delay in arrival time and further reduce more infected cases while preserving air travel. © 2021, The Author(s).

View Identification Assisted Fully Convolutional Network for Lung Field Segmentation of Frontal and Lateral Chest Radiographs

Locating lung field is a critical and fundamental processing stage in the automated analysis of chest radiographs (CXRs) for pulmonary disorders. During the routine examination of CXRs, using both frontal and lateral CXRs can benefit clinical diagnosis of cardiothoracic and lung diseases. However, the accurate segmentation of lung fields on both frontal and lateral CXRs is still challenging due to the blurry boundary of the lung field on lateral CXRs and the poor generalization ability of the models. Existing deep learning-based methods focused on lung field segmentation on frontal CXRs, and the generalization ability of these methods on the different type of CXRs (e.g., pediatric CXRs) and new lung diseases (e.g., COVID-19) has not been tested. In this paper, a view identification assisted fully convolutional network (VI-FCN) is proposed for the segmentation of lung fields on frontal and lateral CXRs simultaneously. The VI-FCN consists of an FCN branch for lung field segmentation and a view identification branch for identification of the frontal and lateral CXRs and for enhancing the lung field segmentation. To improve the generalization ability of VI-FCN, six public datasets and our frontal and lateral CXRs (over 2000 CXRs) were collected for training. The segmentation of lung fields on the Japanese Society of Radiological Technology (JSRT) dataset yields mean dice similarity coefficient (DSC) of 0.979 ±0.008, mean Jaccard index (Ω) of 0.959 ±0.016, and mean boundary distance (MBD) of 1.023 ±0.487mm. Besides, the VI-FCN achieves mean DSC of 0.973 ±0.010, mean Ωof 0.947 ±0.018, and mean MBD of 1.923 ±0.755mm for the segmentation of lung fields on our lateral CXRs. The experiments demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed VI-FCN over most of existing state-of-the-art methods. Moreover, the proposed VI-FCN achieves promising results on untrained pediatric CXRs and COVID-19 datasets. CCBYNCND

Remdesivir vs standard care in patients with moderate COVID-19

Background: Remdesivir (RDV) shortens time to recovery time in patients with severe COVID-19. Its effect in patients with moderate COVID-19 remains unclear. Methods: We conducted an open-label, phase 3 trial (NCT04252664) involving hospitalized patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, evidence of pulmonary infiltrates, and oxygen saturation >94% on room air. Patients were randomly assigned 1:1:1 to receive up to 5d or 10d of RDV with standard of care (SoC), or SoC alone;patients could be discharged prior to completing per-protocol assigned treatment duration. RDV was dosed intravenously at 200 mg on d1, 100 mg daily thereafter. Patients were evaluated daily while hospitalized, and via telephone if discharged. The primary endpoint was clinical status on d11 assessed on a 7-point ordinal scale. Results regarding the primary endpoint are expected to be published before IDWeek 2020;we plan to present d28 results at the meeting. Results: In total, 584 patients underwent randomization and started their assigned treatment (191, 5d RDV;193, 10d RDV;200, SoC). By d11, 3 2 point improvement on the ordinal scale occurred in 70% of patients in the 5d arm, 65% in the 10d arm, and 61% in the SoC arm. Patients in the 5d RDV arm were significantly more likely to have an improvement in clinical status than those receiving SoC (odds ratio [OR], 1.65;95% confidence interval [CI], 1.09-2.48;P=0.017);OR of improvement for the 10d RDV arm compared to SoC was 1.31 (95% CI, 0.88-1.95];p=0.183). This improvement in the 5-day arm over the SOC arm was noted from d6 through d11. We observed a peak of discharges corresponding with the assigned treatment duration of RDV, with increased discharges at d6 in the 5-day arm and at d11 in the 10-day arm. A worsening of clinical status of ≥ 1 point in the ordinal scale was observed more commonly in the SoC am (n=19, 10%) versus the 5d RDV (n=7, 4%) and 10d RDV (n=9, 5%). Conclusion: RDV for up to 5 days was superior to SoC in improving the clinical status of patients with moderate COVID-19 by d11. We will report d28 outcomes at the meeting. (Table Presented).